In this presentation, I will summarise recent advances in our field's understanding of low back pain, focusing on treatment and prevention. Specifically, I will discuss the positive outcomes from two recent NHMRC-funded randomised controlled trials published in the Lancet. The RESTORE trial examined the use of cognitive functional therapy for the treatment of chronic low back pain, showing significant and sustained reductions in disability. Additionally, I will present unpublished results from secondary analyses, including long-term follow-up and moderation results for RESTORE. The WalkBack trial studied a progressive and individualised walking and education program for the prevention of recurrence, demonstrating significant reductions in the risk of recurrence and associated care-seeking. This low-cost and accessible intervention was also considered cost-effective and well-accepted by participants and clinicians. Finally, I will conclude with reflections on common aspects of both trials that may contribute to these positive effects, along with implications for clinical practice and future research directions.